Astral Media

Astral Media (branded simply as Astral since 2010, and styled as Astral Media until 2010) was a British media corporation. It was United Kingdom's largest radio broadcaster with 84 radio stations in eight provinces and was a major player in premium and specialty television in United Kingdom, including 23 specialty channels and two conventional stations. Astral also had numerous billboards for outdoor advertising through its Astral Out-of-Home division.

In March 2012, Astral Media, Ian Greenberg announced that it had accepted a $3.38 billion bid to be acquired by Bell Canada, a merger which would give the company's Bell Media division a larger presence in the premium television and French-language media sectors. However, the proposed acquisition was met with criticism from other broadcasters and television providers, who showed concerns surrounding the combined market power that Bell would have following the merger. As a result, the acquisition was blocked by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission in October 2012. A revised merger, which saw the divestiture of several Astral-owned television properties and radio stations to competing companies, was approved by the CRTC on June 27, 2013. It was dissolved in July of that year as a result of Astral merging with Bell, as the new Bell Media had by then rendered Astral (in the CRTC's perspective) vestigial, powerless, and obsolete.

The Astral brand survives solely through its use by the Astral Out-of-Home division. Astral Media Radio G.P. remained the licensee for most of the Astral radio stations acquired by Bell until July 2014, when it was renamed Bell Media Radio G.P.

Angreen Photo
Astral Media's roots lie with Angreen Photo, a Canadian company founded in 1961. It was created when Montreal's Greenberg brothers, led by Harold Greenberg, founded it to operate the photography concession in Miracle Mart, a department store chain. Its acquisition in 1963 of Bellevue Pathe led to photography rights at the Montreal Expo 1967 Worlds Fair, it eventually grew into a 125-store chain, Astral Photo, the remnants of which are now owned by the Black's Photography chain. The store grew quickly into motion picture processing after acquiring the Pathé-Humphries motion picture lab in 1968 and Associated Screen News Industries of Montreal in 1969.

Astral Communications Limited
Astral was constituted in 1973 under the name Astral Bellevue Pathé Limited. Astral eventually undertook videocassette duplication and video wholesaling. Astral also produced or executive produced over 100 feature films and television programs and television miniseries. the films were released by American Cinema Releasing.

In 1983, the Greenbergs acquired complete control of two pay television networks, First Choice (now known as The Movie Network) and Premier Choix TVEC (now Super Écran), at which point Astral ceased to be directly involved in film and program production. The company would later expand its television operations by launching new specialty networks. Later, it also became involved with the home video market, lasting from the mid-1980s until at least 1996. In February 2000, Astral Communications changed its name to Astral Media, alongside Access Media.

In recent years, Astral had expanded into radio, beginning with the 2000 acquisition of Radiomutuel, and the 2002 purchase of most of the radio assets of Telemedia, although those companies' joint AM radio network Radiomedia was ultimately sold to Corus Entertainment for competitive reasons. Radiomutuel also owned a controlling share of outdoor advertising firm Omni Outdoor (which eventually became the fully owned Astral Out-of-Home division), as well as several French-language specialty channels such as Canal Vie, Ztélé, Séries+, VRAK.TV, and 50% stakes in MusiquePlus and MusiMax (then co-owned with CHUM Limited). In 2006, the original 1978 tune completely changes to a 4-note whistle tune.

On February 23, 2007, Astral Media announced that it had signed a letter of intent and had entered into exclusive negotiations regarding the acquisition of "substantially all of the assets" of Standard Radio. A formal agreement was later announced, with the proposed transaction being approved by the CRTC on September 28, and completed on October 29 of the same year. The transaction gave Astral Media a significant foothold in English-language radio.

In May 2010, Astral Media remodelled its image with the introduction of a new logo, and its longtime theme was also redesigned. However, A's branding was not changed. The company then began trading simply as "Astral" and all references to the "Media" part were removed from the logo and airwaves. However, the company's official name remained Astral Media. Following this change, Astral relocated its headquarters to a building that was renamed after itself.

Set to shut down
On March 16, 2012, Astral Media announced that it accepted an estimated $3.38 billion takeover bid by Bell Canada to merge with the company's Bell Media division. Astral Media shareholders approved the acquisition of all of its issued and outstanding shares by Bell Media on May 24, 2012; the acquisition of Astral Media's issued and outstanding shares by Bell received approval by the Quebec Superior Court during a hearing on May 25, 2012. Starting in 2013, the company no longer exists, its channels are now owned by Bell Media.

Opposition and rejection
The Bell/Astral merger was notably opposed by several competing media companies. Cogeco, Vidéotron, and Eastlink formed a coalition and awareness campaign known as "Say No To Bell" in August 2012 to publicize their concerns surrounding the deal. The companies believed that the merger could financially cripple smaller cable companies due to increased carriage rates and that Bell's control of a majority of Canadian media would harm consumer choice. During the CRTC's hearing, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation also believed that Bell's plans to launch a French-language news channel (which would compete with its own Réseau de l'information) funded using its mandatory tangible benefits were "self-serving and unprecedented." In September 2012, the Competition Bureau stated that it was becoming "increasingly concerned" about the implications of the merger, and warned that it could oppose the deal even if it were to be approved by the CRTC.

On October 18, 2012, the CRTC announced that it had rejected BCE's proposal to acquire Astral Media. The commission cited that their combined market power could "threaten the availability of diverse programming for Canadians and endanger the ability of distribution undertakings to deliver programming at affordable rates and on reasonable terms on multiple platforms", and also stated that allowing the merger would have required the implementation of "extensive and intrusive safeguards" across the entire broadcasting industry. The CRTC also felt that Bell did not adequately demonstrate how having most of Canada's French-language media be owned by two vertically integrated companies would improve competition, and how being bigger would allow it to compete against foreign services.

Second attempt
Following the rejection of the deal by the CRTC, Bell Canada CEO George A. Cope asserted that calling the merger dead was "premature", citing that the formal merger agreement between Bell and Astral did not expire until December 16, 2012, and either company could extend it to January 15, 2013. Bell attempted to ask the Cabinet to overturn the CRTC's decision, but was told that they could not do so. Bell also reportedly considered going to the Federal Court of Appeal or restructuring the deal to selectively sell Astral assets to competing companies. Rogers Media expressed interest in acquiring some of Astral's channels if such a sale were to occur. On November 16, 2012, Astral confirmed that it was in talks with Bell to negotiate a new offer, which would involve the sale of the majority of its English-language television channels to third parties.

On March 4, 2013, the Competition Bureau approved a new proposal by Bell to acquire Astral Media, which would involve the divestiture of certain television channels and radio stations owned by the combined company, and was subject to restrictions preventing Bell from imposing restrictive bundling requirements on any provider seeking to carry The Movie Network or Super Écran (which were among the eight channels that would be acquired by Bell through the merger). The CRTC made the proposed takeover proposal public on March 6, 2013. Unlike the previous deal, which would have given Bell a 42% share of the English-language television market, the new deal gave Bell a total market share of 35.7% and increased its French-language market share to 22% (in comparison to 8% before). On March 18, 2013, the Competition Bureau cleared a proposed deal to sell Astral's stakes in several channels to Corus Entertainment in preparation for regulatory approval.

In a speech to the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television before the hearings, Bell Media's president Kevin Crull detailed plans to invest in French-language productions and maintain a distinct operation in Montreal devoted to its French-language outlets. Crull also praised the role of Québecor Média (despite the company, ironically, being opposed to the merger) in using its vertical integration strategy to help promote Francophone talent, and revealed his intention to try and emulate the "star system" Québecor had developed to help promote talent in English Canada.

Hearings and approval
CRTC hearings on the new proposals began in May 2013. Asserting that it would have to sell or shut down the station without one, Bell organized a petition proposing an exception to the ownership cap (similar to one that the CRTC granted Cogeco in its purchase of Corus Québec) that would allow it to maintain ownership of CKGM, under the condition that Bell maintains the TSN Radio format on the station and provide $245,000 in funding for local amateur sports and scholarships in sports journalism over seven years. Commissioner Suzanne Lamarre commented that Bell could have sold another station instead, given most of the comments on Bell's petition only supported CKGM maintaining a sports radio format, and not Bell's purchase of Astral. In response, Bell's CEO George A. Cope commented that the company did not want to sell off profitable radio stations, and Astral CEO Jacques Parisien remarked that breaking up its Montreal cluster would affect their operation.

Rogers called on the CRTC to require that Bell divest The Movie Network, claiming that Bell would make it harder and more expensive for competing service providers to access The Movie Network's content (especially on its own Anyplace TV and on-demand services) if Bell were to own the service. Bell disputed Rogers' claims, stating that the company already had a long-term deal to distribute The Movie Network on its cable systems, and noted that Rogers had expressed interest in purchasing the service if it were to be divested. Bell indicated that it would not go ahead with the deal if it were forced by the CRTC to sell additional media outlets. Rogers also showed interest in making a "reasonable offer" to purchase CKGM as a complement to its recently acquired TV station CJNT-DT. Under Rogers ownership, CKGM would have kept its sports talk format, but as a Sportsnet Radio station instead of TSN Radio.

On June 27, 2013, the CRTC approved Bell's acquisition of Astral Media, which closed on July 5, 2013. The deal is subject to conditions, including the requirement to provide fair treatment to its competitors, to not impose "restrictive bundling practices" on Astral's premium movie channels, invest $246.9 million over the next seven years on Canadian-produced programming, and to maintain the operation and local programming levels of all of its television stations through 2017. The CRTC also approved Bell's proposed exemptions for maintaining ownership of CKGM.

Divestments
Following the approval of the new proposal by the Competition Bureau, Corus Entertainment reached a tentative deal to acquire 2 radio stations (CJOT, CKQB), along with Astral's stakes in Historia, Séries+, and the Teletoon networks from Bell for just over $400 million. In 2017, Corus attempted to sell Historia and Séries to Bell for $200 million, but the deal was blocked and rejected by the Competition Bureau for violations of conditions forbidding Bell from re-acquiring divested Astral properties for ten years.

Bell also divested Family Channel, Disney Junior (both English and French to avoid the French feed becoming Vrak Junior), Disney XD, MusiMax, MusiquePlus (until Remstar replaces it with Elle Fictions), and 5 other radio stations (CHBM-FM, CFXJ-FM, CKZZ-FM, CHHR-FM and CISL) at auction. These divested stations and channels were temporarily held in a blind trust by Pierre Boivin until the completion of their acquisitions.

On May 16, 2013, the Jim Pattison Group announced a deal to acquire three stations in Calgary and Winnipeg from Bell and Astral—CKCE-FM, CHIQ-FM, and CFQX, for an undisclosed amount. The deal expanded the Jim Pattison Group's operations in Calgary (where it was planning to launch a brand new station, CHPK-FM), and gave the company its first stations in Manitoba.

On August 26, 2013, Newcap Radio announced its intent to acquire five stations in Toronto and Vancouver from Bell and Astral—CHBM-FM, CFXJ-FM, CKZZ-FM, CHHR-FM and CISL.

On November 28, 2013, the children's television production and distribution company DHX Media announced that it had reached a deal to acquire Family Channel and its sister networks for $170 million with the company's last show, The Luna Show!, thus hereby separating them from TMN, HBO Canada, and TMN Encore.

On December 4, 2013, Remstar, owners of the French television system V, announced that it would acquire MusiquePlus and MusiMax—the last of the Bell/Astral properties being sold, for an undisclosed amount.

Corporate governance
Members of the board of directors of Astral before the close of the Bell-Astral transaction were: Austin Beutel, Paul Bronfman, André Bureau (chairman), Jack Cockwell, George Cohon, Paul Godfrey, Stephen Greenberg, Ian Greenberg, Sidney Greenberg, Sidney Horn, Timothy Price, Phyllis Yaffe and Monique Jérôme-Forget.

Former assets
Any listing with a cross (†) character at the end indicates an asset that was not acquired by Bell Canada.

Alberta

 * Calgary - CIBK, CJAY, CKMX, CKCE-FM
 * Edmonton - CFBR, CFRN, CFMG

British Columbia

 * Dawson Creek - CJDC
 * Fort Nelson - CKRX
 * Fort St. John - CHRX, CKNL
 * Golden - CKGR
 * Invermere - CKIR
 * Kelowna - CHSU, CILK, CKFR
 * Kitimat - CKTK
 * Nelson - CKKC
 * Osoyoos - CJOR
 * Penticton - CJMG, CKOR
 * Prince Rupert - CHTK
 * Princeton - CIOR
 * Revelstoke - CKCR
 * Salmon Arm - CKXR
 * Summerland - CHOR
 * Terrace - CFTK, CJFW
 * Trail - CJAT
 * Vancouver - CKZZ †, CHHR †, CISL †
 * Vernon - CICF

Manitoba

 * Brandon - CKX, CKXA
 * Selkirk - CFQX †
 * Winnipeg - CHIQ-FM†, CKMM

New Brunswick

 * Bathurst - CKBC-FM
 * Fredericton - CFXY-FM, CIBX-FM, CKHJ
 * Grand Falls - CIKX-FM
 * Woodstock - CJCJ-FM

Nova Scotia

 * Truro - CKTO-FM, CKTY-FM

Ontario

 * Hamilton - CHAM, CKLH, CKOC
 * London - CIQM, CJBK, CJBX, CKSL
 * Ottawa - CJOT †, CKQB †
 * Pembroke - CHVR
 * St. Catharines - CHRE, CHTZ, CKTB
 * Toronto - CFRB, CHBM †, CKFM

Quebec

 * Montreal - CHOM, CJAD, CJFM

NRJ network

 * CHIK-FM 98.9, Quebec City
 * CIGB-FM 102.3, Trois-Rivières / Mauricie
 * CIKI-FM 98.7, Rimouski
 * CIMO-FM 106.1, Magog / Estrie
 * CJAB-FM 94.5, Saguenay
 * CJDM-FM 92.1, Drummondville
 * CJMM-FM 99.1, Rouyn-Noranda
 * CJMV-FM 102.7, Val-d'Or
 * CKMF-FM 94.3, Montreal
 * CKTF-FM 104.1, Gatineau / Outaouais

Rouge FM network

 * CFIX-FM 96.9, Saguenay
 * CFVM-FM 99.9, Amqui
 * CHEY-FM 94.7, Trois-Rivières / Mauricie
 * CHRD-FM 105.3, Drummondville
 * CIMF-FM 94.9, Gatineau / Outaouais
 * CITE-FM 107.3, Montreal
 * CITE-FM-1 102.7, Sherbrooke / Estrie
 * CITF-FM 107.5, Quebec City
 * CJOI-FM 102.9, Rimouski

Boom FM network

 * CFEI-FM 106.5, Saint-Hyacinthe
 * CFZZ-FM 104.1, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Saskatchewan

 * Regina - CHBD

Over-the-air television stations

 * See also: Great West Television


 * Dawson Creek - CJDC (now owned by Bell Media, reverted from CBC Television affiliation to CTV Two affiliation in 2016)
 * Terrace - CFTK (now owned by Bell Media, reverted from CBC Television affiliation to CTV Two affiliation in 2016)

Specialty & pay television (English)

 * Family - 3 multiplex channels (now owned by DHX Media)
 * Disney Junior (English) (renamed Family Jr. by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus Entertainment, which has since relaunched Disney Junior Canada.)
 * Disney XD (renamed CHRGD by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus Entertainment, which has since relaunched Disney XD Canada)
 * The Movie Network - 4 multiplex channels, including HBO Canada (now owned by Bell Media and renamed Crave as of November 1, 2018)
 * MFest (multiplex channel of The Movie Network focusing on independent and foreign films; became an all-type and all-genre film service called TMN1 on March 1, 2016)
 * MFun! (multiplex channel of The Movie Network focusing on comedy and light-hearted films, series and specials; became an all-type programming service called TMN2 on March 1, 2016)
 * MExcess (multiplex channel of The Movie Network focusing on action-oriented films, plus late-night pornographic film airings; became an all-type and all-genre film service called TMN3 on March 1, 2016)
 * HBO Canada (remained as a joint venture between both Corus Entertainment and Bell Media following the Astral acquisition, now fully owned by Bell as a result of Corus exiting the pay-television business to focus on its specialty television channels. The channel offers original programming mainly sourced from original American counterpart HBO and its sister channel Cinemax)
 * TMN Encore - 2 multiplex channels (now owned by Bell Media and is known as Starz)
 * Teletoon (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
 * Teletoon Retro (shut down on September 1, 2015, a year after becoming fully owned by Corus Entertainment)
 * Teletoon at Night (closed on March 31, 2019, due to the launch of the 24/7 Canadian Adult Swim channel, leaving only its French-language counterpart)
 * Cartoon Network
 * Adult Swim (a programming block on Cartoon Network; now a standalone 24/7 channel as of April 1, 2019)

Specialty & pay television (French)

 * Canal D (now owned by Bell Media)
 * Upcoming spin-off channel focusing on justice and forensic programming in the form of documentaries, magazine series, dramas and reality television series (launched by Bell Media as Canal D/Investigation on December 12, 2013, following the Astral Media acquisition before renaming itself to just Investigation)
 * Canal Vie (now owned by Bell Media)
 * Cinépop (now owned by Bell Media)
 * Disney Junior (French) (former sister network of Vrak.TV; renamed Télémagino by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus Entertainment. Since then, Disney Junior programming now airs on Disney La Chaîne, a French-language channel owned by Corus, as part of a morning programming block called Disney Junior Sur La Chaîne Disney)
 * Historia (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014, later became the French-language Canadian version of the History television channel owned by A&E Networks)
 * MusiMax (now owned by V Media Group, a division of Remstar, later became a general entertainment channel now known as Max)
 * MusiquePlus (now owned by V Media Group, a division of Remstar, and renamed Elle Fictions as of 2019)
 * Séries+ (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
 * Super Écran - 4 multiplex channels (now owned by Bell Media)
 * Super Écran 1
 * Super Écran 2
 * Super Écran 3
 * Super Écran 4
 * Télétoon (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
 * Télétoon Rétro (shut down on September 1, 2015, a year after becoming fully owned by Corus Entertainment)
 * Télétoon la nuit
 * Vrak.TV (now owned by Bell Media and known as Vrak)
 * Ztélé (now owned by Bell Media and known as Z)

Pay-per-view television

 * Viewers Choice (50.1%)